AP World History Practice Exam 2026 – The Comprehensive All-in-One Guide to Exam Success!

The civilization known for its powerful capital Tenochtitlan and extensive control over central Mexico is the Aztecs. Tenochtitlan, located on an island in the middle of Lake Texcoco, was founded in the 14th century and became the center of Aztec political, economic, and religious life. Under Aztec rule, the empire expanded significantly, incorporating much of Mesoamerica through military conquest and negotiation, leading to a complex tribute system that strengthened their power.

The Aztecs are renowned for their remarkable achievements in areas such as architecture, agriculture (notably chinampas or floating gardens), and a rich cultural and religious life characterized by elaborate ceremonies and polytheism. This extensive control helped develop a vibrant trade network and left a significant impact on the region's history. In contrast, the Maya civilization was primarily located in present-day Mexico and Central America, with city-states rather than a centralized empire like the Aztecs. The Inca civilization was situated in South America with its capital at Cusco, while the Olmec civilization predates both the Aztecs and the Maya and is better known for its early achievements in art and culture rather than for a capital city equivalent to Tenochtit