AP World History Practice Exam 2025 – The Comprehensive All-in-One Guide to Exam Success!

The Holy Roman Emperor who sought to crush the Reformation was Charles V. He ruled from 1519 to 1556 and was a significant figure during the Protestant Reformation, a movement that challenged the practices and doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church. Charles V aimed to maintain the unity of his vast empire, which included many different regions and faiths, and saw Protestantism as a threat to that unity. He was personally involved in efforts to suppress the Reformation, notably through various efforts such as the Edict of Worms in 1521, which condemned Martin Luther's teachings and declared him an outlaw. Additionally, Charles convened the Diet of Augsburg in 1530 to address the issues raised by reformers and sought military means against Protestant princes in several conflicts, emphasizing his commitment to restoring Catholicism throughout his empire.

The other individuals mentioned were not involved in the Reformation: Francisco Pizarro and Hernan Cortes were conquistadors known for their roles in the Spanish colonization of the Americas, while James Cook was a British explorer and navigator in the 18th century.